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Probability is introduced as a measure of the likelihood of random events. The foundational concept, illustrated with a fair coin flip [], defines probability as the ratio of favorable outcomes to the total number of equally likely possibilities []. For instance, the chance of getting heads on a coin flip is 1/2 [], or 50%, because there are two equally likely outcomes (heads or tails) and only one desired outcome (heads) []. This can also be understood by envisioning the experiment performed an infinite number of times, where approximately 50% of the flips would result in heads [].
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Probability is introduced as a measure of the likelihood of random events. The foundational concept, illustrated with a fair coin flip [], defines probability as the ratio of favorable outcomes to the total number of equally likely possibilities []. For instance, the chance of getting heads on a coin flip is 1/2 [], or 50%, because there are two equally likely outcomes (heads or tails) and only one desired outcome (heads) []. This can also be understood by envisioning the experiment performed an infinite number of times, where approximately 50% of the flips would result in heads [].